The B'nai Emunah Story
Organized Jewish settlement in Oklahoma dates to the period before the Land Rush. By the 1870s, there was a functioning community in Ardmore, which built its first Synagogue in 1899. Tulsa's Jewish community took root three years later, with the arrival of the first Jewish families in 1902. The Jews who came in the early days of settlement were overwhelmingly traditional, and maintained their religious distinctiveness despite their distance from larger communities.
In that sense, the Tulsa pattern was a departure from the norm. The first congregations in the South and West were generally established by German Jews in the 1880s. Western European Jewish immigrants were arguably quicker to adopt the cultural patterns of their neighbors. Tulsa is notable for the prominence of immigrants from Eastern Europe, particularly Latvia. Many of Tulsa's first Jewish families came from Varklan, a shtetl (small town) north of modern-day Daugavpils. Jewish settlement in Varklan ended on August 4, 1941, with the nazi extermination of its Jewish citizens. In a sense, Tulsa is its sole survivor.
It was out of this culture that B'nai Emunah emerged. Like immigrant Jews in every part of the world, the Jews of Tulsa first organized a minyan: a quorum for prayer and mutual support. By 1907, the number of Jews had swelled, in part because of the Galveston Project. Reacting to the nativist sentiment of the period, its organizers routed arriving immigrants away from the east coast and toward the center of the country. Galveston became a second Ellis Island and Jewish life in Oklahoma was strengthened as a result.
The congregation itself was officially organized on November 6, 1915. The first Board of Trustees included representatives of families who played an important role in Jewish life, as well as the life of the larger community. Within a year, the congregation had its first building at the corner of Ninth and Cheyenne, the very first structure in Tulsa purpose-built for Jewish worship and association. Designed by prominent local architect John T. Blair, it expressed the deep traditionalism of its members: a women's gallery separate from the men, with a mikveh (ritual bath) in the basement of the building.
The picture is more complicated, however, when the whole is brought into focus. Morris Teller, the first rabbi of the congregation, was an early graduate of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York City. His engagement reflected a more liberal attitude toward the tradition and was a conscious choice against candidates from traditional yeshivot. Such tensions have been part of the history of the congregation, held in check by feelings of family cohesiveness. They also played themselves out on a national scale, as philanthropists associated with B'nai Emunah sought to balance the claims of Orthodoxy against the pressures of modern life. This is the story of the Travis Family and its role in shaping Yeshiva University as an effective response to the Seminary of Solomon Schechter
The congregation left its first building in 1942 for a new facility at Peoria and Seventeenth Street. This building was probably inadequate from the start, particularly in its lack of sufficient classroom space. Over two decades of restless improvements, the congregation gradually reshaped its facility, adding suites of classrooms in two separate campaigns. Eventually, there were three main centers of activity: Sanditen Hall, which served social and recreational functions; Zarrow Sanctuary, the main center of worship; and the I. Nadel Education Building, where children attended school.
Ultimately, the congregation set aside its improvisations and decided to build an additional facility on its site. The result was the Sanctuary Building of 1959. It resolved the problems of too-small worship spaces, inadequate kitchens, and a make-shift chapel. It also marked another step away from separate seating: no sections were formally reserved for either men or women. This space, too, was eventually improved with a 1985 addition that clarified the front entrance and created new and usable space.
The Building Renewal Campaign that culminated in 2000 was rooted in all that came before it, taking many of its cues from the architecture of our first buildings. The 1942 building is gone, but the new facility sits on the original site and wraps itself around what remains of the Sanctuary Building of 1959. There is now one single structure to contain and serve the efforts of the whole congregation.
As the new century opens, we hope to experience continued transformation and renewal. We are building on a foundation of tremendous stability. There have been just seven rabbis in the congregation's history, a sign of close relationship between clergy and laity. The Synagogue has begun to renew itself with social activism, experimentation in liturgy, new approaches to adult education, and long-range planning. Its members are engaged in the life of the city and play an activist role in service, philanthropy, and the arts. The congregation is now fully egalitarian, and women occupy prominent positions in our services and institutional leadership.
At the same time, we have recommitted ourselves to the study of classic Jewish texts, so that children and adults are in touch with the sources of our tradition. This combination reflects the standard of the synagogue movement with which we are affiliated: enlightened, joyful traditionalism and responsible change.
